The methods applied are the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model for 2025’s LUC prediction and the RULT index approach, RULT index development using the analytical hierarchy process.
The primary data were land use/cover (LUC) data from 2005, 2015, and 2020 and the LSIEP distributions. This study sought to identify the extent to which LSIEP development has affected rural-urban land transformation (RULT). However, this process led to the emergence of “chaotic” urban-rural land patterns. The key to the ending of spatial dichotomy of social segregation lies in the collective action and effective state.Īfter decentralization, there was massive development in Jakarta megacity’s outer suburbs (JMOS), especially in Bekasi and Tangerang regencies, marked by large-scale industrial estate/park (LSIEP) and followed by new town developments. However, social polarization is exacerbated by the spatial segregation. The mode of gated housing estates facilitates the private provision of urban amenities and facilities needed for the fulfillment of the emerging middle class’ housing aspiration. When public governance fails, private governance arises to fill the void. Informality emerges when housing needs are not satisfactorily met within the formal framework managed by the state and the market. This dual process of informal and formal urbanization is a result of territorialization of informal land rights and formal land rights without the presence of effective state governance over the rapid urbanization. In the Jakarta metropolitan region, one of the high-density Asian urban centers, it is observed that informal settlements are ubiquitous in its central city, while gated communities are prevalently concentrated in the suburbs. Co-existence of informal settlements and gated communities is a common phenomenon in many developing countries.
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